Indonesian Archives of Biomedical Research

Phytochemical, Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Timor Sandalwood Oil (Santalum Album L.)

2023-05-17T05:16:25+00:00

Introduction; The phytochemical metabolites analysis, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of sandalwood oil (Santalum album L.) have shown that it can potentially act against free radicals and the browning effect of white adipose tissue. This study aimed to screen the phytochemical metabolites and antioxidant activity of Timor sandalwood oil.

Methods; Phytochemical metabolites analysis were identified flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins and steroid. Chemical composition were analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Antioxidant activity were measured using the ferric reducing antioxidant power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl methods. Gallic acid was used as the standard equivalent.

Results; Timor sandalwood oil contained flavonoids, steroid, terpenoids, and tannins metabolites. The main compositions were dominated by α-santalol (45.04%) and β-santalol (22.0%). Antioxidant activity found with FRAP and DPPH methods were 484.51 mg/L and 36 mg/L, respectively. The IC₅₀ against FRAP and DPPH free radicals were 47.16% and 4.46%, respectively.

Conclusion; Timor sandalwood oil has antioxidant agent and contains compounds that are beneficial in activating WAT browning as a potential therapeutic target.

Genetic Contribution to Immune Response of COVID-19 Vaccination

2023-06-01T00:36:46+00:00

Background;, COVID-19 is an acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-COV2 infection. COVID-19 vaccination has been shown to reduce the risk of severe symptoms and death. However, the immune response to vaccination can vary between individuals. Advance age, the presence of comobidity, autoimmune, and germline genetic variants can affect vaccine efficacy and lead to breakthrough infection.

Reviews; Underlying germline genetic variations that affect humoral and cellular responses to COVID-19 vaccination may explain different degrees of post-vaccination immune responses. Current publications are being reviewed to discuss the impacts of genetic variants of HLA (human leukocyte antigens) and non-HLA genes on both the humoral (titre of anti SARSCoV2 IgG and IgA) and cellular response (T-cells activation). The literature is being evaluated in terms of population demographic, type of intervention (platforms of COVID-19 vaccine used), comparison of immune response level before and after vaccination, immune response being the outcomes.

Conclusion; Genetic variations in both HLA and non-HLA genes may play a role in immune responses. This information may be useful to develop a better vaccine design. However, these variants are not yet consistently reproduced in different research settings despite similar immune readouts (high or low titers of anti IgG). Furthermore, only one literature showed the association of HLADQB1*06 and high antibody response titres, as well as a lower incidence of breakthrough infections. Therefore, at this stage, the genetic variant is not a useful determinant of deciding whether or not a certain population will receive or withhold the COVID-19 vaccine.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Metabolite Analysis in Different Meningioma Subtypes

2023-05-22T14:42:55+00:00

Introduction
Meningiomas are one of the most common lesions of the dura, some meningiomas have aggressive and poor prognosis, therefore surgeons need to evaluate them preoperatively for their therapeutic planning. As one of the advanced MR techniques, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) as a non-invasive, quantitative study to estimate metabolites‬ within the ‬tumor. Of all the known metabolites detected by MRS, creatine, glycine, alanine, lactate, choline, glutamine, glutamate, and the glutamine/glutamate complex are believed to be useful in differentiating meningiomas from other tumors and from normal brain.
Case presentation
This study present 3 different cases of patients with meningioma, based on histopathological analysis, they were respectively diagnosed as WHO Grade I Transitional meningioma, WHO Grade II Atypical meningioma and WHO Grade III Recurrent Anaplastic meningioma.
Discussion
MRS findings in brain tumor would show decrease in NAA and a decrease in Cr, which showed in all of the three cases. In addition, Cho/Cr ratio was also increased, which was the highest ratio in the third case of anaplastic meningioma.
Conclusion
MRS may aid clinician in the diagnostic process as it showed the biochemical content of the lesion, especially Cho/Cr ratio which might be a useful proliferative parameter in anaplastic meningomas compared with the others.

Development of the Potential of Traditional Cheese Dangke of Enrekang Regency in the Health Sector: Literature Review

2023-05-22T04:27:37+00:00

Background; Dangke is one of the traditional cheeses from Indonesia made from buffalo milk and cow's milk, the clumping process uses the help of papain enzymes as a protein hydrolysis agent taken from papaya fruit sap. Dangke has a nutritional content, high in protein, macro-and micronutrients, and fats. This Literature Study aims to examine the various benefits of dangke on health

Reviews; Article searches using electronic databases include Google Scholar, SINTA-indexed journals, and SCOPUS published in 2012-2022. The search uses several keywords: dangke, dangke benefits, and dangke intervention. Obtained 7 articles, 5 articles came from national journals while 2 of them came from international journals.

Conclusion; From the results of the article search, it can be concluded that dangke made from cow's milk has a positive impact on health, it has been proven through scientific tests

Lipid Profile among Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Polymorphisms rs628031 A>G and rs2289669 G>A in Metformin Transporter Genes

2023-08-24T05:52:05+00:00

Background: Metformin affects not only glucose, but also lipid metabolism. The uptake of metformin in the liver is mainly mediated by transporters OCT1and OCT2 (encoded by SLC22A1 gene), whereas MATE1 (encoded by SLC47A1 gene) is responsible for its elimination into the urine and bile. We investigated the interaction between SLC22A1 rs628031 and SLC47A1 rs2289669 variants with the lipid profile of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients consuming metformin.

Methods: Sociodemographic data, metformin consumption and laboratory data of 23 T2DM participants were obtained from medical records at Bhayangkara Hospital, Palembang. DNA from whole blood was extracted using the Chelex method. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism detection using restriction enzymes. Polymorphism was assessed by electrophoresis and visualization on agarose gel.

Results: There was no significant association between SLC22A1 rs628031 and SLC47A1 rs2289669 with the lipid profile of T2DM patients (p>0.05). However, there was an increased trend of total cholesterol and LDL levels in patients with rs628031 variants compared to wildtype.

Conclusion: Further study with large cohorts is needed to confirm the association between these two single nucleotide polymorphisms and lipid profile, as we showed a particular trend of lipid profile for those with rs628031 variants.